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Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911), the great German humanist, remained a towering figure in Europe long into the twentieth century. Published in 1954, this translation by Stephen A. Emery and William T. Emery was the first English translation of Dilthey's "Das Wesen der Philosophie" (1907) as well as his first work to be translated completely into English, making Dilthey accessible to scholars of the English-speaking world.

Every civilization needs the basic sciences to develop in all aspects, including science and culture, industry and technology, etc. Philosophy is one of the core elements of the basic sciences. It focuses on epistemology and ontology. In the process of forming Islamic civilization, the nature and the essence of Islamic philosophy, its necessity, possibility, and impossibility are some of the main challenges of the 21th-century Islamic world. The main purpose of this study was to show the essence of Islamic philosophy based on the specific definitions presented for the philosophy today. The content of Islamic philosophy has been taken from the revelatory sources of Islam. Being affected by the schools of Peripatetic and Illuminationist and Transcendent philosophies, Islamic philosophy has reached such an eminence that is forming a great Islamic civilization. The data were collected through library research and were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical approach. The most important result of the study was the establishment of the position of Islamic philosophy, i.e., its superiority to other philosophical schools of the world.

The author of article researches the cultural and historical essence of irony in the modern
philosophy. The role of irrational searches of philosophical discourse of modernism in the process
of «irony» term explication is argumented. The possibility of «irony» therapeutical function
execution in post modernistic style of philosophical research is proved.

"This book delivers a central and dynamic interpretation of the imperative philosophy of international criminal justice and how it struggles to defend the body of international human rights law. Understanding the fundamental philosophies of both legal disciplines reassures the promotion of the virtue of their norms. This work examines these basic philosophies by analysing them through the lens of the new terms: visible power and invisible essence. The former term addresses jus major provisions, while the latter reveals the substantive essence of the existence of the ethical virtues of both legal disciplines as subjects of unity. The invisible reasoning contains genuine imperative moral law and attempts to strengthen its visible framework by preventing autocratic law. The invisible platform of the system of international criminal justice should always remain imperative and it should not be compromised through new, domineering interpretations. The ethics of the procedures of the system of international criminal courts should not rest on the interpretation of visible provisions promoted through authoritarian impulsive rules, rather they should be based on whether or not the invisible pure "jus imperative" legal justice has been given sufficient weight in the judgements of courts. The coherent scale of the invisible moral essence should not be shattered by incoherent visible morality. Reading about these novel values with the new terms: criminalvisibilism and criminalinvisibilism, as coined by the author, is a must"--

Front Matter /Andrey Maidansky and Vesa Oittinen -- Introduction /Andrey Maidansky and Vesa Oittinen -- Activity and the Search for True Materialism /David Bakhurst -- 'Praxis' as the Criterion of Truth? The Aporias of Soviet Marxism and the Activity Approach /Vesa Oittinen -- Reality as Activity: The Concept of Praxis in Soviet Philosophy /Andrey Maidansky -- The Category of Activity in Soviet Philosophy /Inna Titarenko -- The Activity Approach and Metaphysics /Edward M. Swiderski -- Abstract and Concrete Understanding of Activity: 'Activity' and 'Labour' in Soviet Philosophy /Sergey Mareev -- The Kiev Philosophical School in the Light of the Marxist Theory of Activity /Elena Mareeva -- The Evolution of Batishchev's Views on the Nature of Objective Activity, and the Limits of the Activity Approach /Alexander Khamidov -- The Activity Approach in Soviet Philosophy and Contemporary Cognitive Studies /Vladislav Lektorsky -- The Concept of the Scheme in the Activity Theories of Ilyenkov and Piaget /Pentti Määttänen -- The Ideal and the Dream-World: Evald Ilyenkov and Walter Benjamin on the Significance of Material Objects /Alex Levant -- Bibliography /Andrey Maidansky and Vesa Oittinen -- Index /Andrey Maidansky and Vesa Oittinen.

'Existence and Essence' presents a series of writings - including several previously unpublished - by Bob Hale on the topics of ontology and modality. The essays develop and elucidate Hale's work on essence, truthmakers and several other topics. Also included are an introduction by Kit Fine and a bibliography of Hale's work.

The review comments and analyses main topics, ideas and theses emphasized in Vesselin Petrov's new book Elements of Contemporary Process Philosophical Theory of Education and Learning. Describing the structure of the book, the review outlines the author's analysis of the Process philosophy' s interpretation of the aims, tasks and elements of the education and learning within the innovative perspectives of internet, computers, the artificial intelligence. The metaphysical principles and notions of the Process Philosophy of A. Whitehead – holism, organism, dynamics, creativity – are applied to the education and learning problems and theories.

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the concept of Being in later Heidegger's philosophy with regard to its contexts in the study of poetry. The scrutiny, being guided by the recent interpretations, focuses on Heidegger's turnabout that resulted in the renunciation of the metaphysical intuition of Being as some infinitely continuing state. The later Heidegger shifted from the task of understanding Being to considering it only as happening. The Being was since then construed as the emergent appropriating event (Ereignis), i. e., a break in familiarity with beings as a whole and at the same time the condition of the inception of a new familiarity or everydayness. According to Heidegger, this catastrophic and at the same time favorable, inceptive event does not exist permanently, but only unpredictably occurs sometimes. That is why the construal of Being as event implies in the first place the breakup of the shared senses of everydayness. However, Being gives us beings as a whole by appropriating sense to them and turning them into the familiar and accessible environment which is suitable for untroubled dwelling. The givenness of beings as a whole makes them "our own" and thereby ensures our identity and distinguishes us from the Other. Thus, Being as event, bringing the once-established identity into question, every time raise anew the problem of the Other. Accordingly, the essence of poetry that is for Heidegger mainly exemplified by F.Hölderlin's poems is considered to be the ability to reveal Being in exactly the same way as it is inherent in the appropriating event. Heidegger therefore argues that poetry is essential for the formation of the national identity and the notion of the Other.

This article responds to the critique of productivist essentialism, which is the view that the human is the productive animal, made against Marx. The author argues against this view and holds that Marx introduces a dialectical account of human essence with the notion of species being in the 1844 Manuscripts, which he then develops in The German Idology. This account of essence includes a static and dynamic moment, and in capitalism, the dialectic of essence has resulted in the appearance of the human as the productive animal. Finally, the author argues that Marx's critique of production and dialectical account of human essence allow us to better think the possibilities for a post-work future.